Prof PBC Forbes

Tel:      +27 (0)12 420-5426
Email:  [email protected]
Office:  NS1 Room 2-11

Position: Associate Professor
Academic qualifications: PhD (Chemistry)
NRF Rating: Y2

Teaching

Analytical chemistry modules at 2^nd, 3^rd and Honours level.

Modules: CMY 283, CMY 383 and CMY 707.

Research interests

My research focuses on analytical chemistry involving the development of novel sampling and analytical methods for environmental pollutants, including denuder based sampling techniques, biomonitors, and quantum dot based fluorescence sensors.

Publications over the past five years

Books and book chapters:

Patricia Forbes (Ed.), Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry vol. 70: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques (2015), Elsevier, Netherlands. ISBN: 978-0-444-63553-2

Patricia B.C. Forbes, Chapter 1: Perspectives on the Monitoring of Air Pollutants, in Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry vol. 70: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques, Patricia Forbes (Ed.), (2015), 3-9, Elsevier, Netherlands. ISBN: 978-0-444-63553-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2015.09.001

Patricia B.C. Forbes, Leandri van der Wat and Eve M. Kroukamp, Chapter 3: Biomonitors, in Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry vol. 70: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques, Patricia Forbes (Ed.), (2015), 53-108, Elsevier, Netherlands. ISBN: 978-0-444-63553-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2015.09.003

Patricia B.C. Forbes and Egmont R. Rohwer, Chapter 5: Denuders, in Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry vol. 70: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques, Patricia Forbes (Ed.), (2015), 153-181, Elsevier, Netherlands. ISBN: 978-0-444-63553-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2015.09.005

Fatkhulla K. Tadjimukhamedov and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Chapter 10: Mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry in Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry vol. 70: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques, Patricia Forbes (Ed.), (2015), 311-329, Elsevier, Netherlands. ISBN: 978-0-444-63553-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2015.10.001

Patricia B.C. Forbes, Chapter 12: Concluding comments in Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry vol. 70: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques, Patricia Forbes (Ed.), (2015), 369-371, Elsevier, Netherlands. ISBN: 978-0-444-63553-2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2015.10.002

Oluwasesan Adegoke and Patricia Forbes, Chapter 2: Detection of reactive oxygen species in Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Human Health, Shamim Ahmad (Ed.), (2016), 17-24, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis. ISBN: 978-1-4987-3546-9

P.B.C. Forbes and R.M. Garland, Outdoor Air Pollution, in Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry vol. 73: The Quality of Air, Miguel de la Guardia and Sergio Armenta (Eds), (2016), 73-96, Elsevier, Netherlands, ISBN: 978-0-444-63605-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2016.02.004

Journal articles:

H. Montaseri and P.B.C. Forbes, Analytical techniques for the determination of acetaminophen: A review, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 108, 122-134.
DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.023

H. Montaseri and P.B.C. Forbes, A triclosan turn-ON fluorescence sensor based on thiol-capped core/shell quantum dots, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2018, 204, 370-379.
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.043

Patricia Forbes, Commentary: Continuous air monitoring results laid bare: do we know what we know? The Clean Air Journal, 2018, 28(1), 7.
DOI: 10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n1a3

C.F. Munyeza, O. Dikale, E.R. Rohwer and P.B.C. Forbes, Development and optimization of a plunger assisted solvent extraction method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sampled onto multi-channel silicone rubber traps, Journal of Chromatography A, 2018, 1555, 20-29.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.053

E.M. Kroukamp, T. W. Godeto and P.B.C. Forbes, Comparison of sample preparation procedures on metal(loid) fractionation patterns in lichens, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2017, 189, 451,
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6155-4.

Oluwasesan Adegoke, Hanieh Montaseri, Sifiso Nsibande and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Alloyed quaternary/binary core/shell quantum dot-graphene oxide nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization and application as a fluorescence “switch ON” probe for environmental pollutants, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 720, 70-78.

Oluwasesan Adegoke, Tebello Nyokong and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Photophysical properties of a series of alloyed and non-alloyed water-soluble L-cysteine-capped core quantum dots, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 695, 1354-1361.

V. Kohlmeier, G.C. Dragan, E.W. Karg, J. Schnelle-Kreis, D. Breuer, P.B.C. Forbes, E.R. Rohwer and R. Zimmermann, Multi-channel silicone rubber traps as denuders for gas-particle partitioning of aerosols from semi-volatile organic compounds, Environmental Science Processes and Impacts, 2017, 19, 676-686.

Tafadzwa Makonese, Daniel M. Masekameni, Harold J. Annegarn and Patricia B. C. Forbes, Emission Factors of Domestic Coal-Burning Braziers, South African Journal of Science, 2017, 113 (3/4), 1-11.

F. Petersen, J.M. Dabrowski and P.B.C. Forbes, Identifying potential surface water sampling sites for emerging chemical pollutants in Gauteng Province, South Africa, WaterSA, 2017, 43(1), 153-165.

S.A. Nsibande and P.B.C. Forbes, Fluorescence detection of pesticides using quantum dot materials – A review, Analytica Chimica Acta, 2016, 945, 9-22.

H. Montaseri and P.B.C. Forbes, A review of monitoring methods for triclosan and its occurrence in aquatic environments, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 85, 221-231.

Oluwasesan Adegoke, Tebello Nyokong and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Deposition of CdS, CdS/ZnSe and CdS/ZnSe/ZnS shells around CdSeTe alloyed core quantum dots: effects on optical properties, Luminescence, 2016, 31, 694-703.

Oluwasesan Adegoke, Philani Mashazi, Tebello Nyokong and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Fluorescence properties of alloyed ZnSeS quantum dots overcoated with ZnTe and ZnTe/ZnS shells, Optical Materials, 2016, 54, 104-110.

E.M. Kroukamp, T. Wondimu and P.B.C. Forbes, Metal and metalloid speciation in plants: Overview, instrumentation, approaches and commonly assessed elements, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 77, 87-99.

Oluwasesan Adegoke and Patricia B.C. Forbes, L-cysteine-capped core/shell/shell quantum dot-graphene oxide nanocomposite fluorescence probe for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detection, Talanta, 2016, 146, 780-788.

L. Chimuka, P. Sibiya, R. Amdany, E. Cukrowska and P.B.C. Forbes, Status of PAHs in environmental compartments of South Africa: A country report, Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2016, 36, 376-394,
DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.988276.

Patricia Forbes, Perspectives on South African atmospheric mercury scientific research, The Clean Air Journal, 2015, 25(2), 8.

V. Kohlmeier, G.C. Dragan, J. Schnelle-Kreis, D. Breuer, P.B.C. Forbes, E.R. Rohwer and R. Zimmermann, Die eignung von multichannel-PDMS-denudern zur gas-partikel-trennung von SVOC, Gefahrstoffe-Reinhaltung der Luft, 2015, 75 (10), 383-389.

Sifiso A. Nsibande, James M. Dabrowski, Etienne van der Walt, Annette Venter and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Validation of the AGDISP model for predicting airborne atrazine spray drift: A South African ground application case study, Chemosphere, 2015, 138, 454-461.

Oluwasesan Adegoke, Tebello Nyokong and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Optical properties of water-soluble L-cysteine-capped alloyed CdSeS quantum dot passivated with ZnSeTe and ZnSeTe/ZnS shells, Optical Materials, 2015, 46, 548-554.

Oluwasesan Adegoke, Tebello Nyokong and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Structural and optical properties of alloyed quaternary CdSeTeS core and CdSeTeS/ZnS core-shell quantum dots, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 645, 443-449.

Oluwasesan Adegoke and Patricia B.C. Forbes, Challenges and advances in quantum dot fluorescent probes to detect reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: a review, Analytica Chimica Acta, 2015, 862, 1-13. This paper was a “Featured Review Article” online and was also featured on the front cover of the journal.

G. Geldenhuys, E.R. Rohwer, Y. Naudé, P.B.C. Forbes, Monitoring of atmospheric gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South African platinum mines utilising portable denuder sampling with analysis by thermal desorption–comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A, 2015, 1380, 17-28.

L. van der Wat and P.B.C. Forbes, Lichens as biomonitors for organic air pollutants, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 64, 165-172.

Adegbenro Daso, Jonathan Okonkwo, Raymond Jansen, Patricia Forbes, Antoinette Kotzé and Egmont Rohwer, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in eggshells of the Southern Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Wattled Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus) in South Africa, Chemosphere, 2015, 118, 284-292.

Tafadzwa Makonese, Patricia Forbes, Lorraine Mudau and Harold J. Annegarn, Aerosol particle morphology of residential coal combustion smoke, The Clean Air Journal, 2014, 24 (2), 24-28.

Patricia B.C. Forbes and Johan A. Nöthling, Shedding light on spectrophotometry: the SpecUP educational spectrophotometer, South African Journal of Science, 2014, 110 (1/2), 1-5.

Forbes P.B.C., Karg, E.W., Geldenhuys G., Nsibande S.A., Zimmermann, R. and Rohwer, E.R., Characterisation of atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds, The Clean Air Journal, 2013, 23 (1), 3-6, ISSN 1017-1703.

L. van der Wat, M. Dovey, Y. Naudé and P.B.C. Forbes, Investigation into the aroma of rosemary using multi-channel silicone rubber traps, off-line olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, South African Journal of Chemistry, 2013, 66, 21-26.

Conference proceedings:

Invited lectures:

T. Nöthling and P.B.C. Forbes, “Shedding the light on spectrophotometry: The SpecUP educational spectrophotometer”, 12^th International Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, 23-26 July 2013, University of Porto, Portugal.

P.B.C. Forbes, “Women in Optics and Science in South Africa”, Round table discussion at the 12^th International Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, 23-26 July 2013, University of Porto, Portugal.

P. Forbes, “How fast is fast? Using DSA-TOFMS for pesticide screening applications”, PerkinElmer Innovation Tour, Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town, 23-25 June 2015.

P. Forbes, “A low cost spectrophotometer for Africa”, IEEE Africon 2015 Workshop, International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies 2015: Photonics Research for African Development, 16 September 2015, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

P. Forbes, "Analytical research in atmospheric mercury monitoring", International and National Landscape of Atmospheric Mercury workshop held at the National Association for Clean Air Conference, 30 September 2015, Bloemfontein.

P.B.C. Forbes, Invited Departmental Seminar, “The SpecUP educational spectrophotometer”, 10 November 2015, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University.

Keynote address: P. Forbes, “Seeing the light: the SpecUP educational spectrophotometer”, SAASTEC (South African Association of Science and Technology Centres) 17^th Annual Conference, 16-19 November 2015, North-West University, Mahikeng.

Plenary lecture: Patricia Forbes, “Novel approaches to environmental monitoring”, International Conference on Pure and Applied Chemistry 2016, 18-22 July 2016, Mauritius.

Invited talk: P.B.C. Forbes, “Denuders for simultaneous sampling of gas and particle associated semi-volatile organic air pollutants”, 2nd Caparica Christmas Conference on Sample Treatment, 5-7 December 2016, Caparica, Portugal.

Guest presentations: P. Forbes, “An overview of nanoparticle analysis”, PerkinElmer Innovation Tour, Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town, 7-9 March 2017.

Guest lecture: P. Forbes, “The determination of pesticide spray drift for environmental health risk assessments”, Public Health Seminar, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, 26 May 2017.

Guest lecture: P. Forbes, “Addressing the challenges of monitoring organic environmental pollutants", Laboratory Services Branch of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto Canada, 2 June 2017.

Guest lecture: P.B.C. Forbes, Invited Seminar, “Lichen biomonitors for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”, 23 June 2017, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive Molecular Analytics” Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH.

Invited talk: P.B.C. Forbes, “Promoting gender awareness and fairness in science”, Women in Science Seminar, 31 August 2017, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Plenary lecture: P.B.C. Forbes, “The sample preparation conundrum”, 2018 SACI Postgraduate Colloquium, 2 February 2018, Durban University of Technology, Durban.

Plenary lecture: P.B.C. Forbes, “Quantum dot based photonic sensor materials for emerging chemical pollutants in water”, International Symposium on Luminescence Spectrometry (ISLS), 19-22 June 2018, Brest, France.

Oral presentations:

Nöthling T. and Forbes P., “What is in the box? A new low cost approach to spectrometry practicals”, 12^th International Chemistry Conference Africa 2013, 7-12 July 2013, Pretoria.

Geldenhuys G., Rohwer E. and Forbes P., “Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fingerprinting in South African platinum mines”, 12^th International Chemistry Conference Africa 2013, 7-12 July 2013, Pretoria.

Nöthling T.* and Forbes P., "Shedding the light on spectroscopy: the SpecUP educational spectrophotometer". South African Spectroscopic Society Young Spectroscopist's Symposium, 12 September 2013, Pretoria. * Towan Nöthling was awarded third prize for this presentation.

Forbes P.B.C., Karg, E.W., Geldenhuys G., Nsibande S.A., Zimmermann, R. and Rohwer, E.R., “Characterisation of atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds”, 16^th IUAPPA World Clean Air Congress, 29 September – 4 October 2013, Cape Town. Electronic Proceedings ISBN 978-0-620-58320-6.

Geldenhuys G., Rohwer, E.R. and Forbes, P.B.C., “Chromatographic analysis of diesel particulate matter in South African platinum mines with emphasis on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”, 16^th IUAPPA World Clean Air Congress, 29 September – 4 October 2013, Cape Town. Electronic Proceedings ISBN 978-0-620-58320-6.

Makonese, T., Masekameni, D., Annegarn, H., Forbes, P., Robinson J. and Pemberton-Pigott, C., “Domestic lump-coal combustion: Characterization of performance and emissions from selected braziers”, 16^th IUAPPA World Clean Air Congress, 29 September – 4 October 2013, Cape Town. Electronic Proceedings ISBN 978-0-620-58320-6.

Makonese, T., Forbes, P., Mudau, L. and H. Annegarn, “Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from real world uses of domestic coal braziers”, Domestic Use of Energy Conference (DUE), 31 March - 2 April 2014, Cape Town.  Electronic Proceedings ISBN: 978-0-9922041-4-3, 93-100.

Patricia Forbes, Genna-Leigh Geldenhuys and Egmont Rohwer, “Characterisation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South African platinum mines”, 11^th GCxGC Symposium and 38^th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, 18-24 May 2014, Riva del Garda, Italy.

Leandri van der Wat, Martin Dovey, Yvette Naudé and Patricia Forbes, “Preliminary investigation into the aroma of rosemary using multi-channel silicone rubber traps and GCxGC-TOFMS”, 11^th GCxGC Symposium and 38^th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, 18-24 May 2014, Riva del Garda, Italy.

Nsibande, S^*., Dabrowski, J., van der Walt, E., Venter, A. and Forbes, P. “Atrazine spray drift monitoring for model evaluation”, Analitika 2014 Conference, 7-11 September 2014, Parys, South Africa.* Sifiso Nsibande won the ChromSA prize for the best chromatography student for his presentation.

Van der Wat, L. and Forbes, P. “Lichens as biomonitors of atmospheric PAHs: A comparison between traditional and new sample preparation techniques”, Analitika 2014 Conference, 7-11 September 2014, Parys, South Africa.

Sifiso A. Nsibande, James M. Dabrowski, Etienne van der Walt, Annette Venter and Patricia B.C. Forbes^* “Air dispersion modelling: a South African pesticide validation case study”, National Association for Clean Air Conference, 8 – 10 October 2014, Umhlanga, Durban, Electronic Proceedings ISBN: 978-0-620-63065-8. ^* Patricia Forbes won the Best Scientific Paper prize at the conference for this presentation.

Tafadzwa Makonese*, Patricia Forbes, Lorraine Mudau and Harold Annegarn, “Aerosol particle morphology of residential coal combustion smoke”, National Association for Clean Air Conference, 8 – 10 October 2014, Umhlanga, Durban, Electronic Proceedings ISBN: 978-0-620-63065-8. * Tafadzwa Makonese won the best student paper prize at the conference for this presentation.

Fritz Petersen, James Dabrowski and Patricia Forbes, “Prioritisation of Emerging Chemical Pollutants in South African Water Systems”, Water Institute of South Africa 4th Young Water Professionals ZA Biennial and 1st African Young Water Professionals Conference, 16-18 November 2015, CSIR Convention Centre, Pretoria.

Patricia Forbes and Leandri van der Wat, “Analytical challenges in the use of lichen biomonitors for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”, 42^nd National Convention of the South African Chemical Institute, 29 November – 4 December 2015, Durban.

Patricia Forbes and Sifiso Nsibande, “Validation of the AGDISP model for predicting airborne atrazine drift – a South African case study”, Water Research Commission Dialogue on the Investigation of the contamination of water resources by agricultural chemicals and the impact on environmental health, 24 June 2016, CSIR, Pretoria.

Patricia Forbes, “Denuders for simultaneous gas and particle phase semi-volatile organic air pollutant monitoring”, ChromSAAMS 2016, 11-14 September 2016, Vanderbijlpark.

Chiedza Munyeza, Egmont Rohwer and Patricia Forbes, “Development and optimisation of the plunger assisted solvent extraction (PASE) method for multi-channel silicone rubber traps”, ChromSAAMS 2016, 11-14 September 2016, Vanderbijlpark.

Leandri van der Wat and Patricia Forbes, “Lichen biomonitors for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”, National Association for Clean Air Conference, 5 – 7 October 2016, Mbombela (Nelspruit), Electronic Proceedings ISBN: 978-0-620-70646-9.

Genna-Leigh Geldenhuys, Egmont Rohwer and Patricia Forbes, “Airborne semi-volatile organic pollutants in South African platinum mines”, 6^th Mintek Analytical Science Symposium: The Environment, 21 October 2016, Mintek, Johannesburg.

Kroukamp EM, Godeto TG, Forbes PBC. “Optimized speciation of 5 arsenic species using anion exchange HPLC-ICP-MS and its real life application in a lichen biomonitor of air pollution”, European Winter Plasma 2017 Conference, 19-24 February 2017, St Anton Am Arlberg, Austria.

Patricia Forbes, “Unravelling phase partitioning of semi-volatile organic air pollutants by means of denuders”, Canadian Society for Chemistry 2017 Conference, 28 May to 1 June 2017, Toronto, Canada.

Chiedza Munyeza, Egmont Rohwer and Patricia Forbes, “Development and Optimization of the Plunger Assisted Solvent Extraction (PASE) method for multi-channel silicone rubber traps”, Airmon Conference, 11-15 June 2017, Dresden, Germany.

Nsibande, S.A. and Forbes, P.B.C., “Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their application as fluorescence sensors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”, 7th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Africa, 22-25 April 2018, Salt Rock, KwaZulu Natal.

Nsibande, S.A. and Forbes, P.B.C. “Development of a quantum dot molecularly imprinted polymer sensor for fluorescence detection of atrazine”, International Symposium on Luminescence Spectrometry (ISLS), 19-22 June 2018, Brest, France.

G Schoonraad, GC Dragan, J Orasche, V Kohlmeier, R Zimmermann, ER Rohwer, C Pretorius, PBC Forbes, “Multi-channel polydimethylsiloxane denuder devices for the determination of gas and particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in underground mines”, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.

Genna-Leigh Schoonraad was awarded the second best student oral presentation by ChromSA at the conference for this presentation.

R Zimmermann, J Schnelle-Kreis, J Orasche, V Kohlmeier, G Dragan, E Rohwer, G-L Schoonraad, P Forbes, J Schade, J Passig, T Adam, “Innovative analytical approaches for analysis of ambient air well as emission- and workplace-aerosols”, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.

H Montaseri, PBC Forbes, “A novel fluorescence sensor for acetaminophen”, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.

Poster presentations:

Nsibande, S., Dabrowski, J., van der Walt, E. and Forbes, P.B.C., “Comparative pesticide air monitoring in validation of air dispersion models”, 16^th IUAPPA World Clean Air Congress, 29 September – 4 October 2013, Cape Town. Electronic Proceedings ISBN 978-0-620-58320-6.

Nsibande, S.^*, Swanepoel, L., Lancaster, N. and Forbes, P. “How fast is fast? Using DSA-TOFMS for pesticide drift sample screening”, Analitika 2014 Conference, 7-11 September 2014, Parys, South Africa. ^* Sifiso Nsibande won the SAAMS prize for the best mass spectrometry student poster for his presentation.

Kroukamp, E^*., Wondimu, T. Forbes, P. “Preliminary investigation into the use of lichens as biomonitors of air pollution in South Africa”, Analitika 2014 Conference, 7-11 September 2014, Parys, South Africa. * Eve Kroukamp won the SAAMS prize for the 2nd best mass spectrometry student poster for her presentation.

Nsibande, S., Swanepoel, L., Lancaster, N. and Forbes, P. “How fast is fast? Using DSA-TOFMS for pesticide drift sample screening”, National Association for Clean Air Conference, 8 – 10 October 2014, Umhlanga, Durban, Electronic Proceedings ISBN: 978-0-620-63065-8.

Patricia Forbes, “Seeing the light: The SpecUP educational spectrophotometer”, Wharton QS Reimagine Education Conference, 7-9 December 2015, Philadelphia, U.S.A.

Patricia Forbes, “Seeing the light: The SpecUP educational spectrophotometer”, SPIE Optics Education and Outreach Conference, 28 August – 1 September 2016, San Diego, U.S.A., Proc. SPIE 9946, Optics Education and Outreach IV, 99460Z (September 27, 2016); DOI:10.1117/12.2235680

Eve Kroukamp, Taddese Godeto & Patricia Forbes, “Sample preparation strategies for the determination of metal(loid) fractionation patterns in lichen air biomonitors”, Canadian Society for Chemistry 2017 Conference, 28 May - 1 June 2017, Toronto, Canada.

Hanieh Montaseri and Patricia Forbes, “Synthesis and characterization of L-cysteine capped CdSe/ZnS quantum dots coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer”, SACI Inorganic 2017 Conference, 25-29 June 2017, Hermanus, South Africa.

Sifiso Nsibande and Patricia Forbes, “Preparation of graphene quantum dots for fluorescence sensing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”, SACI Inorganic 2017 Conference, 25-29 June 2017, Hermanus, South Africa.

Hanieh Montaseri and Patricia Forbes, “Synthesis and characterization of L-cysteine capped CdSe/ZnS quantum dots coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer”, South African Nanotechnology Initiative, 7^th Annual Gauteng Nanosciences Young Researchers’ Symposium, 20 October 2017, Tshwane University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Hanieh Montaseri and Patricia Forbes, “Fluorescence sensor probe for the detection of acetaminophen using L-cysteine CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and molecular imprinted polymer@quantum dots”, IEEE Sensors 2017, 29 October – 1 November 2017, Glasgow, Scotland.

V. Kohlmeier, G. C. Dragan, E. Karg, J. Schnelle-Kreis, D. Breuer, P. B. C. Forbes, E. R. Rohwer, R. Zimmermann, “The suitability of multi-channel silicone rubber traps for particle-vapour separation of aerosolised semi-volatile organic compounds”, Airmon Conference, 11-15 June 2017, Dresden, Germany.

Schoonraad G., Pretorius C. and Forbes P.B.C., “Application of a multi-channel polydimethylsiloxane denuder device for the determination of PAHs in diesel exhaust emissions”, 42nd International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography and 15th GCxGC Symposium, 14-19 May 2018, Riva Del Garda, Italy.

KN Mashale, Y Naudé, JM Dabrowski, PBC Forbes, “Calibration of the Chemcatcher passive sampler for the monitoring of pesticide concentrations in South African aquatic systems”, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.

SA Nsibande and PBC Forbes, “Development of a quantum dot fluorescence sensor for detection of atrazine”, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.

BK Munjanja, Y Naude, J Dabrowski, E Van de Walt, PBC Forbes, “Comparison of pesticide deposition samplers for spray drift determination: A case study of atrazine”, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.

AS Mahlangu, G Schoonraad, P Schaberg, MC Wattrus, C Munyeza, C Pretorius, PBC Forbes, “Hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines under different load conditions”, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.

CF Munyeza, V Kohlmeier, GC Dragan, EW Karg, ER Rohwer, R Zimmermann, PBC Forbes, “Particle collection and transmission efficiencies in denuder samplers“, Analitika 2018 Conference, 22-25 July 2018, Limpopo, South Africa.